Diptotes in Arabic (اَلْمَمْنُوعُ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ)

Diptotes are not that scary. They consist of a few rules about how their case ending changes - which means their I`raab - and groups of words which follow these rules. Understand the rules and you can spot a diptote from a mile.

These types of words are partially declining words, or we can call them Diptotes in English to be posh, and اَلْمَمْنُوعُ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ in Arabic.

THE GOLDEN RULE:

All Arabic nouns (اسم) are in the Raf`a state by default (Raf`a = nominative = Dhamma at end). This means they naturally have 2 Dhamma's on the last letter as their I`raab.  The I`raab of these Isms then change according to whatever influential words come before it.

 All normal happy regular nouns = Take all 3 different I`raabs.

But diptotes = only take 2 of the possible case endings.

Diptotes do not have Tanween i.e.: no double vowel sign in any case.
Diptotes never take a Kasra. They're like allergic or something.

8 REASONS WHY SOME WORDS ARE DIPTOTES:

1. Feminine proper nouns do not have a Tanween as I`raab, which means no double vowel as a case ending on the last letter. Examples: Fatimah (فَاطِمَةُ), Hasnaa (حَسْنَاءُ), Hamda (حَمْدَى). These are names. In speaking we don't say the last vowel anyway (Fatima'u..?) but in text it can be written. Diptote ü
2. Feminine proper nouns (names) without an Alif (ا) and masculine proper nouns, both ending in a "Taa marbutah" (ةُ). These don't end with Tanween. Example: Hamzah (حَمْزَةُ). Diptote ü
3. Nouns and adjectives in the pattern of Af`alu (أَفْعَلُ) - which are also called Ism Tafdeel, the Superlative Verbs. Example: Akbaru, Anwaru (أَنْوَرُ), Afsaru (أَصْفَر), Diptote ü
4. Adjectives on the pattern of Fu`laanu (فَعْلاَنُ) never end with a Tanween. Example: `Uthmaan.
5. Non-Arabic names called `Ujma/`Ajami (عجمي), i.e all the foreign names, including Hebrew, English etc. Examples: Ibrahim (إبراهيم), Ismaeel (إسماعيل), Yaqoob (يعقوب) - Hebrew names. Pakistan (بَاكِسْتَانُ). Diptote ü
6. Compounds = putting two hyphenated words together as a proper noun. This happens often in the English language, and is used for cities. Examples: Hadra'maut (حضرموت), New York (نيو يورك). Diptoteü
7. Plural Arabic words never take a Kasra as I`raab and therefore they are dipotes! Diptote ü
8. Some broken plurals are also diptotes. Examples: Mosques (مَسَاجِدُ), Keys (مَفَاتِيحُ), Birds (ابابيل). Diptote ü

*Note: All colours are diptotes for following the pattern of bullet point 3.

DIPTOTE RULES RECAP

ØDiptote never takes Tanween.
ØIf the word begins with Alif-Laam = it's no longer a diptote.
ØWhen the diptote word is in a Majroor state, it will end with a Fat'ha, not a Kasra.
ØIf the diptote word becomes Mudaf in a sentence, it's no longer a diptote.