بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Ok. This is a structured topic, and it's one of my favourites. Also, sorry for my writing because I wrote these about 10 years ago.
ADJECTIVES
Depending on which text and teacher you have, adjectives are given an umbrella title such as:
- Murakabe' Tauseef if you learning with Urdu teachers, this means descriptive phrases or compouds.
- Mawsuf & Siffah if it's a classical Arabic course, or maybe
- Na`at & Man`oot if you're studying Imam Ajrumiyyah.
Tip: this mark (`) looks like an apostrophe but it's a diacritical mark we use in English texts, to represent the Ayn (ع) letter since that doesn't exist in transliterations. For example, `Alayhi-salaam.
What's an Adjective?
In almost all languages, a descriptive word is called an adjective. This describes the ability, colour, size, qualities of a thing or a person. Only NOUNS (an ism) are adjectives.
Mausoof & Siffa VS Na`at & Manoot
In Arabic, adjectives are called Siffah (صفة) or Na`at (نعت).
The thing being described is called Mausoof (موصوف) or Man`oot (منعوت).
These will make sense as you start picking them out from your examples. It's up to you whether you want to choose the Mausoof-Siffah names or the Naat-Manoot ones. Be clever, memorise both.
Fun fact: the way I remembered them is that Naat is an Urdu song of praise, that comes second in Arabic. Allah's 99 attributes are Siffat, that comes second after His name Allah.
Right, let's get down to some adjective rules.
Flip The Translations
- طَالِبَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ = A female student. Clever, intelligent. Intelligent female student.
- وَلَدٌ صَغِيرٌ = A boy. Small. Small boy.
- Only nouns (isms) are adjectives.
- Adjectives come in pairs as Mausoof then Siffat. Or the Manoot followed by Naat.
- The thing being described is always written, said and read first.
- The adjective comes after.
- Both nouns/adjectives must match in SING.
- Check the beginning and ends of words for the SING rules.
- Proper nouns are already definite and don't take Alif-Laam.
- Proper nouns demand that the adjective does take an Alif-Laam to match.
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